{"id":6597,"date":"2020-11-18T22:52:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T22:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboriginalbusinessmagazine.com\/?p=6597"},"modified":"2020-11-18T22:52:03","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T22:52:03","slug":"the-transition-to-renewable-energy-relies-on-mining-can-it-be-done-responsibly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboriginalbusinessmagazine.com\/?p=6597","title":{"rendered":"The transition to renewable energy relies on mining. Can it be done responsibly?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Matt Simmons<\/p>\n

Local Journalism Initiative Reporter<\/p>\n

It wasn’t long ago that the idea of a zero-emissions electric vehicle silently\u00a0 cruising the streets sounded like something out of The Jetsons. According to the International Energy Agency, there are now more than seven million electric cars on the roads and there could be as many as 245 million by 2030.<\/p>\n

But each\u00a0 of those cars relies on a battery to get from point A to point B. And\u00a0 those batteries are made with minerals like lithium, graphite, cobalt\u00a0 and nickel, all of which are mined.<\/p>\n

Mined\u00a0 materials are also necessary to make wind turbines and solar panels.\u00a0 This demand is creating something of an environmental conundrum.<\/p>\n

Research shows that mining waste has increased more than 300 per cent in some regions in the past decade and mining is responsible for up to 20 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. With the push for more renewables, those numbers are set to increase. According to the World Bank and independent studies, by 2050 the energy transition is expected to increase the demand for certain minerals 30- to 800-fold.<\/p>\n

Yet\u00a0 experts warn that the inevitable increase in mining activity is\u00a0 unsustainable under existing laws and regulations that aren’t adequate\u00a0 to ensure the transition to renewable energy is safe and just.<\/p>\n

“We’re\u00a0 trading fossil fuel extraction for mineral extraction,”\u00a0Jamie Kneen from\u00a0 MiningWatch Canada told The Narwhal in an interview. “We have to change\u00a0 the rules. Action has to be much more comprehensive and committed.”<\/p>\n

Last\u00a0 November, nearly 200 experts, academics, researchers and activists from\u00a0 around the world met in Ottawa to discuss what it would take for mining\u00a0 to have a positive role in the transition to a low-carbon future.<\/p>\n

Here are their key recommendations, as compiled in a new report by MiningWatch Canada.<\/p>\n

The simplest way to reduce the demand for mined materials is to reduce the demand for energy.<\/p>\n

A reduced\u00a0 demand for energy is necessary to reduce the impact of mining on\u00a0 communities. But it’s also necessary because the earth’s mineral\u00a0 resources are actually finite.<\/p>\n

According to a 2019 report by Earthworks and the Institute for Sustainable Futures, the projected mineral demand for renewable energy would consume all of the cobalt, lithium and nickel on the planet.<\/p>\n

That\u00a0 Earthworks report also found improving manufacturing efficiency and\u00a0 implementing recycling policies could reduce demand for certain primary\u00a0 minerals by up to 40 per cent.<\/p>\n

According to the MiningWatch report, battery storage for electric vehicles is\u00a0 projected to be the main driver of the increased demand for mined metals\u00a0 in the energy transition. As a result, the report said systemic changes\u00a0 are needed in urban design and transportation systems to “massively\u00a0 reduce the number of cars, not just build zero-emissions vehicles\u00a0 instead.”<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 MiningWatch report also found the greatest opportunity to reduce the\u00a0 need for battery metals is to simply recycle used batteries.<\/p>\n

Companies\u00a0 like Tesla are already operating in-house recycling facilities. But\u00a0 Kneen said industry-led initiatives are not enough and governments\u00a0 should be encouraging and supporting recycling initiatives.<\/p>\n

While B.C. has created legislation to ensure 100 per cent of new vehicles sold in the province are\u00a0 electric by 2020, it doesn’t include rules or guidelines around\u00a0 recycling.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 MiningWatch report stresses the importance of prioritizing environmental\u00a0 protection and preventing contamination and toxic mine waste\u00a0 disasters.<\/p>\n

“If\u00a0 lithium is the new `white gold,’ water is our `blue gold. It must be\u00a0 protected above all else,” Rodrigue Turgeon, a spokesperson for the\u00a0 Citizen Committee Protecting the Esker, a grassroots organization in\u00a0 northern Quebec, said in the report.<\/p>\n

Landscapes in northern B.C. are littered with warnings of what can happen if mine waste is inadequately managed.<\/p>\n

In 2014, the Mount Polley mine spilled 24 million cubic metres of toxic waste into creeks, rivers and lakes when its tailings dam broke. And for more than 60 years, the abandoned Tulsequah Chief mine has been leaking contaminated waste water into a salmon watershed. These disasters illustrate the need for “no-go zones’,’\u00a0 places where mining is prohibited.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Contents from a tailings pond are pictured going down the Hazeltine Creek into Quesnel Lake near the town of Likely on Aug. 5, 2014. Millions of cubic metres of mine waste gushed from the pond at the Mount Polley mine in B.C.’s Interior. PHOTO BY JONATHAN HAYWARD \/THE CANADIAN PRESS<\/p><\/div>\n

The MiningWatch report suggests establishing participatory, community-based\u00a0 processes to identify no-go zones, supported by local, national and\u00a0 international legal frameworks.<\/p>\n

One of the no-go zones highlighted in the report is the ocean floor, where the extraction of minerals could cause irreparable damage to ecosystems.<\/p>\n

Kneen said the challenge of protecting ecosystems where mining should not take place boils down to who has the final say.<\/p>\n

“People\u00a0 are going to have to choose and it’s really a question of who gets to\u00a0 choose,” he said. “Is it the First Nation or the community? Or is it the\u00a0 government on behalf of society at large?<\/p>\n

Or is it just a corporate\u00a0 feasibility study?”<\/p>\n

The right to say “no” to mining projects, however, is missing from most jurisdictions, including B.C.<\/p>\n

The report\u00a0 notes that, to be sustainable, mineral extraction must “require the\u00a0 free, prior and informed consent of Indigenous Peoples and the consent\u00a0 of local communities prior to any mining exploration or developments.”<\/p>\n

But in\u00a0 B.C., the out-of-date Mineral Tenure Act allows anyone with a computer\u00a0 and a few dollars to stake a claim without asking permission. And even\u00a0 when First Nations are consulted through the environmental assessment\u00a0 process, a vital part of Indigenous Rights is still missing.<\/p>\n

“The problem we’re having is that consent doesn’t seem to include no,” Kneen\u00a0 said. “There’s a clear imbalance of power.<\/p>\n

When the mining company shows\u00a0 up, they’ve got their teams of technical people and lawyers and what\u00a0 have you. And then you’ve got the community people, they’re just\u00a0 outgunned.”<\/p>\n

And when\u00a0 environmental disaster happens, Indigenous communities are often left\u00a0 with devastation to the natural ecosystems they rely on for food and\u00a0 culture.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Loretta Williams<\/p><\/div>\n

“We’ve\u00a0 seen the disasters of Mount Polley’s massive mine waste spill and other\u00a0 failures worldwide grossly impacting Indigenous communities, the land\u00a0 and watersheds they protect,” Loretta Williams, one of the founding\u00a0 members of the First Nations Women Advocating Responsible Mining, said in the report.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 conference participants agreed that protecting basic human rights and\u00a0 respecting Indigenous sovereignty is vital as mining activity steadily\u00a0 increases. “Breaking from the pattern of colonial and capitalist\u00a0 exploitation has to be part of a just transition,” the report said.<\/p>\n

Legal\u00a0 reforms are also going to be necessary to ensure mining activity for\u00a0 renewable energy doesn’t cause more environmental harm than good.<\/p>\n

In B.C., activists and responsible mining advocates have been calling for reforms to provincial laws for decades. One of the key reforms needed, critics say, is a law that\u00a0 ensures the polluter pays. Mining companies are required to pay deposits\u00a0 to the province before extracting any minerals to cover the costs of\u00a0 cleanup and closure in case the company goes bankrupt. But as The Narwhal recently reported,\u00a0 those deposits often aren’t enough to cover cleanup costs. B.C. is\u00a0 short more than $1 billion for cleanup and that deficit could ultimately\u00a0 be shouldered by taxpayers.<\/p>\n

A recent poll by the BC Mining Law Reform network and Northern Confluence showed that 90 per cent of British Columbians surveyed want mining\u00a0 companies to be responsible for the environmental damages they cause.<\/p>\n

Following\u00a0 the Mount Polley dam failure, an independent panel reviewed the incident\u00a0 and presented recommendations to the government to prevent similar\u00a0 disasters from happening. According to a recent report by the B.C. First Nations Energy and Mining Council, those recommendations still haven’t been adequately addressed by the province.<\/p>\n

And the\u00a0 Tulsequah Chief has shown just how challenging cleaning up and closing a\u00a0 mine can be. The province, despite making a commitment to clean up the\u00a0 long-standing environmental damage, has been hamstrung by legal restrictions caused by the bankruptcy of the mine’s owner.<\/p>\n

The MiningWatch report notes laws and government policies need to reflect\u00a0 the importance of minimizing social and environmental damage. “Legal\u00a0 protections need to be strengthened, developed and implemented to\u00a0 prevent harm, establish real accountability _ including through supply\u00a0 chains, and respect Indigenous territories and governance.”<\/p>\n

Kneen said the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance is a significant step in the right direction. Similar to the Forest Stewardship Council, the independent organization audits mines and rates them based on social, environmental and operational benchmarks. A mine\u00a0 automatically fails if it doesn’t meet certain requirements, such as not\u00a0 using child labour. The idea is if a mine has the certification, buyers\u00a0 can trust that the minerals were sourced responsibly.<\/p>\n

Manufacturers\u00a0 and retailers can also become members, which commits them to sourcing\u00a0 from certified mines. In January, BMW committed to sourcing its raw\u00a0 materials to produce its fleet of electric vehicles from certified\u00a0 mines.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 program’s first audits have just wrapped up and while it remains to be\u00a0 seen how successful the program is, advocates are hopeful.<\/p>\n

“They’re\u00a0 recognizing that there’s no mine in the world that’s ever going to get\u00a0 100 per cent ? but you work your way towards that,” Kneen said.<\/p>\n

Matt Simmons\u00a0is a Local Journalism Initiative reporter who works out of the Narwhal. The Local Journalism Initiative is funded by the Government of Canada.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Matt Simmons Local Journalism Initiative Reporter It wasn’t long ago that the idea of a zero-emissions electric vehicle silently\u00a0 cruising the streets sounded like something out of The Jetsons. According to the International Energy Agency, there are now more than seven million electric cars on the roads and there could be as many as …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":""},"categories":[32,39],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe transition to renewable energy relies on mining. 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